Waste to energy - outlook
for energy and environment sectors
|
Currently in Vietnam, it is difficult to develop large-scale hydropower, however, small-scale hydropower occupy land, forests and cause lots of impact on the environment. While Biomass, solar and wind energy are still underdeveloped, waste-to-energy becoming potential source for a system of national power.
Waste
- abundant source for energy
According
to statistics, the total amount of municipal solid waste in Vietnam
approximately 12.8 million tons per year. It is forecasted that by 2015 this
figure will be about 13.5 million tons per year, and 2020 it will be 22 million
tons per year. Hanoi alone produces 7,000-8,000 tons per day in the period
2015-2020, Ho Chi Minh City (10.000-12.000 tons/day), Hai Phong and Dong Nai
(5,000-6,000 tons /day). This will be stable sources for power plant with
capacity of 300 tons/day, equivalent to nearly 350mW output power.
However,
at this time, Vietnam has an industrial waste treatment system project with
capacity of 75 tons/day in the Nam Son waste treatment complex in Hanoi which is
funded by the Japan's New
Energy and
Industrial
Technology
Development Organization
(NEDO). The system can generate electricity with a capacity of 1,930kW,
scheduled for completion in late 2014. Earlier, in 2006, Ho Chi Minh City
brought the Go Cat waste treatment plant with a capacity of 2.4 MW into
operation, however, the amount of electricity produced is very small.
Mr.
Le Anh Tung, Chairman of Vietnam Ecotech Company said that in
Vietnam municipal solid waste did not sort from the
source, organic substance is up to more than 60%. Water content in
waste ranges from 50 to 55%. Therefore, the heating value of solid
waste is very low, only
from 1200 to 1500 kcal / kg. This is one of the biggest problems for
the development of waste-to-energy plant in Vietnam. Clearly, the current
solid waste management system is unsatisfactory and needs to be addressed in a
dire way. In
particular,
to make the
waste classification, it is necessary to reduce moisture in the waste
and select the type of high calorific value waste.
In
addition,
Mr. Nguyen Duc Cuong, director of the
Center for Renewable Energy under the Energy Institute (Ministry of Industry and Trade) said
that the biomass electricity prices remain low, so that the call for investment in renewable energy projects is very difficult. In addition, investors are also worried about the
licensing procedure, because 2 years are so long to
prepare procedures for the
renewable energy project. In addition, enterprises are facing difficulties in land lease policy.
Prospects
for development and cooperation
Vietnam
government has realized the effect
of waste in
energy production and environmental protection. Vietnam
has been trying to build and develop waste-to-energy in the
near future. Accordingly, in
2014, the Prime Minister will
issue a decision on the "mechanism to support the development
of waste-to-energy projects in Vietnam". In particular, the expected electricity price at the point of delivery for the direct
burning of solid waste projects is 2,160 VND/kWh (equivalent to 10.05 USD/kWh). This price will help investors have more profits. Therefore, it is the first step to
encourage the development of this type of power in Vietnam.
At the seminar
“Waste-to-energy technology: co-operative opportunities and prospects” which was
held in Hanoi recently, Malaysia’s Malakoff cooperation and Germany’s Oschatz,
Eurec, CPP co-operation expressed their desire to invest and develop
waste-to-energy projects in Vietnam.
Mr. Le Anh Tung,
Chairman of Ecotech company said that his company and other businesses were
willing to share their experience in this field. To approach waste-to-energy
technology, Ecotech company proposed to build three projects in Hanoi, Dong Nai
and Ba Ria - Vung Tau. According to him, Vietnam should choose appropriate
technology in order to satisfy economic efficiency and protect environment as
well.
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