Trade winds spur hiatus in global warming: Study
SYDNEY: An unprecedented spike in Pacific trade winds has seen global warming slow significantly in the past 12 years but the effect is only temporary and temperatures will surge, a study found on Monday.
The Australian-led report, published in the latest edition of Nature Climate Change, said a dramatic acceleration in equatorial trade winds blowing from the Americas to the West Pacific had boosted circulation of the ocean.
"If the trade winds blow particularly strong that warm water that's piled up there starts to converge in the ocean interior," said lead author Matthew England.
"In a way it's locking away energy we've obtained from greenhouse gas into the subsurface ocean and that's what causes the hiatus (in global warming)."
The study examined a pause in global warming since 2001 along with a previous such stall between 1940-75 and identified a close link to negative phases of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) -- a wind pattern associated with a cool tropical Pacific and strengthened winds.
England said the winds finding helped to explain why global warming didn't occur in a continual upward trajectory -- a criticism of climate change sceptics -- but "a series of abrupt steps in between periods of more or less steady temperatures".
England said the current plateau in global warming at a time when "greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have shot up to record levels" had puzzled scientists.
"This pause in surface warming doesn't mean that global warming has stopped at all, we seeArctic sea ice melting to record low levels, the land ice sheets across the world are melting rapidly, ocean temperatures continue to warm," he said.
"So it's not a contradiction of global warming but it has confused scientists, just because we do expect the surface temperatures around the world to progressively warm decade by decade."
England's team, which also included researchers from the United States, looked to the seas for answers and found "there was more than enough heat going into the ocean to account" for the plateau they were seeing.
"The reason the oceans are taking up extra heat, and this is particularly occurring in the Pacific Ocean is that the trade winds have strengthened considerably over the last two decades," he said.
He described their intensification as "unprecedented in the measurement record and way beyond the strength of the trends ever captured by climate models".
But England said the surging trade winds were only temporary and their associated cooling effects would likely reverse sharply once the IPO shifted back to a positive phase "within as little as a decade".
"If the trade winds slow down or stop, what happens is that heat absorption by the ocean reverses and we actually get heat coming back up to the atmosphere," he said.
"The bad news is that out of this hiatus we're expecting quite rapid warming to occur."
Were the elevated winds to persist, England's study found the current hiatus would extend to 2020. If they abated in the next few years it was likely to be "short-lived, with rapid warming set to resume soon after the wind trends reverse".
Steve Rintoul from Australia's government science agency CSIRO -- a partner in the study -- said the oceans held the key to understanding climate change.
"More than 93 percent of the warming of the planet since 1970 is found in the ocean," he said.
"If we want to understand and track the evolution of climate change, we therefore need to look in the oceans."
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