Until recently, the world continued to use water as though it was unlimited resource. In the last decade, there has been a real awakening to the looming scarcity of freshwater in all continents. For example, according to the ADB, Asia will be facing a 40% scarcity of water by 2030. Solving this problem of scarcity has to begin by using water more efficiently, but that will be alone will not fill the gap. Reuse of grey water, sea water flushing systems, desalination will all contribute to more urban water. Changing the scale of networks and treatment in urban neighborhoods will greatly enhance the water and energy efficiency related to water use, networks and treatment. Finally, large scale exchanges between urban areas and outlying agricultural areas offer win-win options for the use of new water in agriculture.
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